Table-R1: Inference-Time Scaling for Table Reasoning

Zheyuan Yang, Lyuhao Chen, Arman Cohan, Yilun Zhao

Table-R1: Inference-Time Scaling for Table Reasoning: 56 upvotes on Hugging Face Daily Papers, #1 of 66 papers on 2025-05-30. Day-by-day upvote history. It lost 38 votes when the Hub removed votes in bulk.

In this work, we present the first study to explore inference-time scaling on table reasoning tasks. We develop and evaluate two post-training strategies to enable inference-time scaling: distillation from frontier model reasoning traces and reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). For distillation, we introduce a large-scale dataset of reasoning traces generated by DeepSeek-R1, which we use to fine-tune LLMs into the Table-R1-SFT model. For RLVR, we propose task-specific verifiable reward functions and apply the GRPO algorithm to obtain the Table-R1-Zero model. We evaluate our Table-R1-series models across diverse table reasoning tasks, including short-form QA, fact verification, and free-form QA. Notably, the Table-R1-Zero model matches or exceeds the performance of GPT-4.1 and DeepSeek-R1, while using only a 7B-parameter LLM. It also demonstrates strong generalization to out-of-domain datasets. Extensive ablation and qualitative analyses reveal the benefits of instruction tuning, model architecture choices, and cross-task generalization, as well as emergence of essential table reasoning skills during RL training.

Paper page on Hugging Face · arXiv

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