NeuralOS: Towards Simulating Operating Systems via Neural Generative Models

Luke Rivard, Sun Sun, Hongyu Guo, Wenhu Chen, Yuntian Deng

NeuralOS: Towards Simulating Operating Systems via Neural Generative Models: 81 upvotes on Hugging Face Daily Papers, #3 of 17 papers on 2025-07-14. Day-by-day upvote history.

We introduce NeuralOS, a neural framework that simulates graphical user interfaces (GUIs) of operating systems by directly predicting screen frames in response to user inputs such as mouse movements, clicks, and keyboard events. NeuralOS combines a recurrent neural network (RNN), which tracks computer state, with a diffusion-based neural renderer that generates screen images. The model is trained on a large-scale dataset of Ubuntu XFCE recordings, which include both randomly generated interactions and realistic interactions produced by AI agents. Experiments show that NeuralOS successfully renders realistic GUI sequences, accurately captures mouse interactions, and reliably predicts state transitions like application launches. Although modeling fine-grained keyboard interactions precisely remains challenging, NeuralOS offers a step toward creating fully adaptive, generative neural interfaces for future human-computer interaction systems.

Paper page on Hugging Face · arXiv

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