Towards Open-Vocabulary Industrial Defect Understanding with a Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset

nina ni, ZhenQi Chen, YuanFu Yang

Towards Open-Vocabulary Industrial Defect Understanding with a Large-Scale Multimodal Dataset: 4 upvotes on Hugging Face Daily Papers, #22 of 33 papers on 2026-01-09. Day-by-day upvote history.

We present IMDD-1M, the first large-scale Industrial Multimodal Defect Dataset comprising 1,000,000 aligned image-text pairs, designed to advance multimodal learning for manufacturing and quality inspection. IMDD-1M contains high-resolution real-world defects spanning over 60 material categories and more than 400 defect types, each accompanied by expert-verified annotations and fine-grained textual descriptions detailing defect location, severity, and contextual attributes. This dataset enables a wide spectrum of applications, including classification, segmentation, retrieval, captioning, and generative modeling. Building upon IMDD-1M, we train a diffusion-based vision-language foundation model from scratch, specifically tailored for industrial scenarios. The model serves as a generalizable foundation that can be efficiently adapted to specialized domains through lightweight fine-tuning. With less than 5% of the task-specific data required by dedicated expert models, it achieves comparable performance, highlighting the potential of data-efficient foundation model adaptation for industrial inspection and generation, paving the way for scalable, domain-adaptive, and knowledge-grounded manufacturing intelligence.

Paper page on Hugging Face · arXiv

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