UI-KOBE: Knowledge-Oriented Behavior Exploration for Lightweight Graph-Guided GUI Agents

Yuxiang Chai, HanXiao, Xinyu Fu, Jinpeng Chen, Rui Liu, Hongsheng Li

UI-KOBE: Knowledge-Oriented Behavior Exploration for Lightweight Graph-Guided GUI Agents: 9 upvotes on Hugging Face Daily Papers, #25 of 59 papers on 2026-05-29. Day-by-day upvote history. It lost 6 votes when the Hub removed votes in bulk.

Recent advances in mobile GUI agents have shown strong potential for automating mobile tasks, but most effective systems still depend on large vision-language models for screenshot understanding and long-horizon planning. Small GUI agents that can be deployed directly on mobile devices are more attractive for practical use, offering lower inference cost and better protection of sensitive on-device information. However, due to limited model capacity, such lightweight agents remain unreliable when planning and executing GUI tasks end-to-end from screenshots alone. We propose Knowledge-Oriented Behavior Exploration (UI-KOBE), a framework that improves lightweight mobile GUI agents with reusable app-specific graph knowledge. UI-KOBE first autonomously explores a mobile application and constructs an app knowledge graph, where nodes represent distinct UI states and edges represent executable transitions. At runtime, a lightweight GUI agent uses the graph as external guidance: given a user task and the current screenshot, it identifies the current graph node and selects among self-loop actions, neighboring transitions, task completion, or fallback free actions associated with that node. By supporting runtime decisions with app-specific graph guidance, UI-KOBE reduces the burden of end-to-end GUI planning and helps lightweight models perform mobile GUI tasks more effectively, offering a practical step toward efficient, interpretable, and privacy-conscious on-device GUI agents.

Paper page on Hugging Face · arXiv

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